불규칙 동사/형용사 | Irregular Verbs/Adjectives | अनियमित क्रिया/विशेषण

1. ㄷ Irregular Verbs (ㄷ 불규칙)

Rule: Verbs ending in ㄷ change the ㄷ to ㄹ when followed by a vowel (e.g., -아/어, -아서).
Examples:

1. 듣다 (to listen)

   • 듣 + 어요 → 들어요

   • Example: 음악을 들어요. (I listen to music.)

2. 걷다 (to walk)

   • 걷 + 어요 → 걸어요

   • Example: 공원에 걸어요. (I walk to the park.)

3. 묻다 (to ask)

   • 묻 + 어요 → 물어요

   • Example: 선생님께 물어요. (I ask the teacher.)

Note: Not all ㄷ verbs are irregular. Regular ㄷ verbs (e.g., 닫다 → 닫아요) keep the ㄷ.

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2. ㅂ Irregular Verbs (ㅂ 불규칙)

Rule: Verbs ending in ㅂ drop the ㅂ and add 우 before a vowel (e.g., -아/어).
Examples:

1. 춥다 (to be cold)

   • 춥 + 어요 → 추워요

   • Example: 날씨가 추워요. (The weather is cold.)

2. 돕다 (to help)

   • 돕 + 아요 → 도와요

   • Example: 친구를 도와요. (I help my friend.)

3. 곱다 (to be beautiful)

   • 곱 + 아요 → 고와요

   • Example: 꽃이 고와요. (The flower is beautiful.)

Note: Some ㅂ verbs are regular (e.g., 잡다 → 잡아요).

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3. 르 Irregular Verbs (르 불규칙)

Rule: Verbs ending in 르 drop the 르 and add ㄹ + double consonant (e.g., -아/어).
Examples:

1. 부르다 (to sing/call)

   • 부르 + 아요 → 불러요

   • Example: 노래를 불러요. (I sing a song.)

2. 모르다 (to not know)

   • 모르 + 아요 → 몰라요

   • Example: 답을 몰라요. (I don’t know the answer.)

3. 고르다 (to choose)

   • 고르 + 아요 → 골라요

   • Example: 음식을 골라요. (I choose the food.)

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4. ㅅ Irregular Verbs (ㅅ 불규칙)

Rule: Verbs ending in ㅅ drop the ㅅ when followed by a vowel (e.g., -아/어).
Examples:

1. 낫다 (to recover)

   • 낫 + 아요 → 나아요

   • Example: 병이 나아요. (I recover from illness.)

2. 잇다 (to connect)

   • 잇 + 어요 → 이어요

   • Example: 줄을 이어요. (I connect the lines.)

3. 긋다 (to draw a line)

   • 긋 + 어요 → 그어요

   • Example: 표시를 그어요. (I draw a mark.)

Note: Some ㅅ verbs are regular (e.g., 웃다 → 웃어요).

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5. 으 Irregular Verbs (으 불규칙)

Rule: Verbs ending in 으 drop the 으 when followed by a vowel (e.g., -아/어).
Examples:

1. 쓰다 (to write)

   • 쓰 + 어요 → 써요

   • Example: 편지를 써요. (I write a letter.)

2. 뜨다 (to rise/float)

   • 뜨 + 어요 → 떠요

   • Example: 풍선이 떠요. (The balloon floats.)

3. 크다 (to be big)

   • 크 + 어요 → 커요

   • Example: 나무가 커요. (The tree is big.)

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6. ㅎ Irregular Verbs (ㅎ 불규칙)

Rule: Verbs ending in ㅎ drop the ㅎ when followed by a vowel, and the final vowel changes (e.g., -아 → 애).
Examples:

1. 빨갛다 (to be red)

   • 빨갛 + 아요 → 빨개요

   • Example: 사과가 빨개요. (The apple is red.)

2. 파랗다 (to be blue)

   • 파랗 + 아요 → 파래요

   • Example: 바다가 파래요. (The sea is blue.)

3. 하얗다 (to be white)

   • 하얗 + 아요 → 하얘요

   • Example: 눈이 하얘요. (The snow is white.)

Note: When followed by a consonant (e.g., -ㄴ), ㅎ remains (e.g., 빨간).

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7. ㄹ Irregular Verbs (ㄹ 불규칙)

Rule: Verbs ending in ㄹ drop the ㄹ before endings starting with ㄴ, ㅂ, or ㅅ (e.g., -니다, -세요).
Examples:

1. 알다 (to know)

   • 알 + 니다 → 압니다 → 아니에요 (colloquial)

   • Example: 그 사람을 알아요. (I know that person.)

2. 열다 (to open)

   • 열 + 니다 → 엽니다

   • Example: 문을 엽니다. (I open the door.)

3. 만들다 (to make)

   • 만들 + 시다 → 만드세요

   • Example: 음식을 만드세요. (Please make food.)

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Key Tips for Learners

• Memorize common irregular verbs through practice.

• Pay attention to endings (e.g., -아/어, -는) to apply rules correctly.

• Use flashcards or apps like Anki to drill conjugations.

To download the file containing irregular verbs/adjectives,

Click here:

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